Diese Zusätze werden benötigt, um die Anlagen vor Korrosion zu schützen und Bakterien abzutöten. Fracking has been used to recover all these gas types, but it has been practiced most prominently in recovering shale gas. Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking), ermöglicht es, Gas- und Ölvorkommen zu fördern, die in tieferen Gesteinsschichten gebunden sind. Zudem dienen sie als Schmier- und Verflüssigungsmittel, deren Zusammensetzung von der Beschaffenheit der einzelnen Lagerstätte abhängt. Environmental concerns such as those outlined above have called increasing attention to the practice of hydraulic fracturing, especially as its use has grown and moved beyond areas where oil and gas exploration has been practiced for generations. Kritiker befürchten, dass eine Anwendung der Fracking-Technik in Deutschland Umweltschäden nach sich ziehen würde. In response to these conditions, developers began to open up so-called unconventional gas reservoirs—rock formations that previously had been left undeveloped because, under older production methods, they released the gas contained in them too slowly or in too small a quantity to be profitable. Nach Aussage eines im Fracking tätigen US-Multis bleibt je nach Gebiet der Großteil der Flüssigkeit in den Spalten und Rissen im Gestein zurück. North of New York, in Canada the Quebec Ministry of the Environment called for a halt to all fracking operations within the Utica Shale along the St. Lawrence River, pending further investigation of risks to the environment and the population. During fracturing, water, which may be accompanied by sand, and less than 1 percent household chemicals, which serve as additives, are pumped into the reservoir at high pressure and at a high rate, causing a fracture…, Hydraulic fracturing (fracking), first employed in Ohio in the 1950s, underwent a boom in eastern and southern portions of the state in the early 21st century, as efforts to use horizontal drilling to exploit shale oil and natural gas reserves buoyed the economy but also raised concerns…, …process of hydraulic fracturing (fracking), which involves high-pressure injection of fluids underground in order to open fissures in rock that would allow trapped gas or crude oil to escape into pipes that would bring the material to the surface. Die Durchlässigkeit des Speichergesteins und die Förderrate sollen mithilfe dieser Maßnahme um ein Vielfaches gesteigert werden. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/fracking, United kingdom Onshore Oil and Gas - Drilling and the Hydraulic Fracturing Process, Council on Foreign Relations - Hydraulic Fracturing, United States Enviromental Protection Agency - The Process of Hydraulic Fracturing, fracking - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), fracking - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Das als "Fracking" bezeichnete Verfahren ist umstritten – Risiken bestehen vor allem für das Grundwasser. Millionen Liter Wasser werden mit Tonnen, teils hochgiftiger Chemikalien versetzt. Gas from unconventional deposits includes coal bed methane (gas located in the joints and fractures of coal seams), “tight gas” (gas locked into relatively impermeable sandstone or limestone formations), and shale gas (gas incorporated into dense microporous shales). Shortly after, a market favourable for natural gas began to be created by high crude oil prices and by environmental regulations that discouraged the burning of oil and coal. Recovered fracturing fluid, or flowback, contains not only the original additives (some of which are carcinogenic if consumed in raised quantities over time) but also salty subsurface brines as well as minerals brought up from the formation that may include toxic elements such as barium and radium. Black Friday Sale! In many operations more than one well can be drilled from a single surface site (or “pad”), or more than one lateral section can radiate from a single borehole.