These findings are of high theoretical and practical importance. Items were measured on a 7‐point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). To explore the first research objective, the subscales personality traits (Q2) and moral foundation and ideology (Q5) were introduced as predictor variables. However, the negative coefficient of conscientiousness with evaluation of others and perceived influence on work implied a potential risk that diligent individuals might be working hard and might expect other people to work as well, even during the time of emergency. Special Issue: Telepsychotherapy in the Age of COVID-19. Many psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health including stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, uncertainty during COVID-19 outbreak emerged progressively. Funder website: https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.html. Published in Journal of Applied Psychology. For the government, actions or measures should be considered with fairness, because the results implied that individuals regarding fairness as important morality responded with lower evaluation on sufficiency of medical cares and disclosed information, as well as measures of the government. Future studies are required to understand the complex interactions between personality, morality, ideology, and various demographic characteristics from different domains using several methodologies. Thus, measures and operations specific to different demographic groups are required. Concerns and behavior (Q3) and mental status (Q4) were assigned as dependent variables. All independent variables were employed in the models. No, Is the Subject Area "Consciousness" applicable to this article? Robust fit statistics for each model and robust χ. Unstandardised estimates of slope and intercept factors of retained models are reported. Email: k.m.bierwiaczonek@psykologi.uio.no. We analysed the data in three steps to maximise the empirical insights. Shigemaru et al. Nine items were modified from those employed by Wang et al. This model showed a significant and negative linear slope, suggesting that conspiracy beliefs decreased as the pandemic unfolded. Although the effects in the cross‐lagged analysis were weak by conventional standards, please note that they referred to a very short time interval (1–2 weeks) and one could expect that a cumulative effect over a longer time period would be stronger. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235883, https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.html, https://moralfoundations.org/questionnaires/, https://cran.r-project.org/package=lavaan, https://cran.r-project.org/package=emmeans, https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/newpage_00032.html. Means and bivariate correlations between the study variables are presented in Table 1. Estimates of the Cross‐Lagged Panel Model. Data Availability: Data are available upon request due to data sharing restrictions imposed by The Ethics Committee for Psychological Studies at the Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, involving participant consent and data usage. Independent samples t‐tests showed no differences on conspiracy beliefs and social distancing at any timepoint between participants who completed the five waves and participants who missed one or more waves (all ps > .10), suggesting random attrition. Conspiracy theories may influence people's actions indirectly, for example via feelings of powerlessness that translate into disengaged behaviors (Jolley & Douglas, 2014a, 2014b). Other conspiracy theories presented COVID‐19 as deliberately bioengineered, a biological weapon, or a population control scheme. We test this proposition empirically using longitudinal survey data collected at five timepoints during the early outbreak of the virus in the US (N = 403). This would be equivalent to testing interactions with intercept and slope factors and thus requires specific predictions and sufficient sample size (given the high number of tests). This freely available special issue of the Journal of Psychotherapy Integration brings together empirical findings, substantial grant-funded projects, national-level task forces, and/or international collaborations to inform the response of psychotherapists as they seek to provide high-quality care under new and uniquely challenging circumstances. We presume that the outcomes of this exploratory study will be informative and contributive to the governance and management, as well as individuals’ mental healthcare and preventive behavior, not only during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, but also during any emergency related to public health event in future. Fairness positively contributed to depression and negatively to medical sufficiency, information sufficiency, and evaluation to others. Nevertheless, as this is the first emergency situation related to public health in Japan, and the present study is the first study to explore the impact of personality, morality, and ideology on the mentality and behavior of Japanese people, no specific hypotheses have been set for these two research objectives. No, Is the Subject Area "Human families" applicable to this article? Working off-campus? To ensure that this model was the optimal representation of the data, we additionally tested models with less constraints and we compared them to the fully constrained model. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235883.t003. Half of the respondents were residents of the prefectures where a state of emergency has been declared (total = 49.9%; Tokyo = 11.4%, Osaka = 9%, Kanagawa = 8.8%, Saitama = 7.1%, Hyogo = 5%, Fukuoka = 4.5%, and Chiba = 4.1%). Cross‐lagged panel models have been criticised for failing to distinguish between within‐person and between‐person change (Hamaker, Kuiper, & Grasman, 2015; Mund & Nestler, 2019). Writing – review & editing, Affiliations This article provides an overview of factors elicited in response to COVID-19 and their impact on immunity, physical health, mental health and well-being.