Eur Polym J 48(10):1674–1682, Tang L-C, Wan Y-J, Yan D, Pei Y-B, Zhao L, Li Y-B et al (2013) The effect of graphene dispersion on the mechanical properties of graphene/epoxy composites. They reported that the fracture toughness and fracture modulus of the epoxy-based hybrid nanocomposite had improved considerably by 77 and 17% with a CNT/GNP ratio of 9:1. [102] measured the effect of the alignment directions of the GNPs both parallel and transverse on the thermal conductivities of epoxy nanocomposites. The effectiveness of microscopy bouquet for the intrinsic characterization of graphene family and their composites was clearly demonstrated in this research. 9. J Mater Chem B 2(34):5602–5611, Akhavan O, Ghaderi E, Shirazian SA, Rahighi R (2016) Rolled graphene oxide foams as three-dimensional scaffolds for growth of neural fibers using electrical stimulation of stem cells. In another work, the DMA results showed that the adhesive characteristic of pDop significantly improves the tensile strength and elongation of pDop-rGO paper by 35 and 70%, respectively [56]. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is one of the significant viscoelastic properties of the epoxy and its composites, which is usually defined by a point. Nano Lett 10(1):92–98, Mahanta NK, Abramson AR (2012) Thermal conductivity of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets. These were high when compared to pristine graphene (0.335 nm). Menbari et al. Synth Met 209:41–46, Moosa AA, Sa AR, Ibrahim MN (2016) Mechanical and electrical properties of graphene nanoplates and carbon-nanotubes hybrid epoxy nanocomposites. 8. a Schematic illustration of the Cartesian coordinate system with the sample geometries used in the Raman spectroscopic analysis in the three directions, b view with the laser beam along the Z axis, and c view with the laser beam along the X and Y axes [100], a Tensile and b flexural properties of epoxy composites with various contents of GO or pDop-rGO [101]. Moreover, the graphene sheet with oxide agents (–O) and (–O/–OH) presents an anisotropic behavior. Shan et al. Jang et al. [103] conducted an experiment to maximize the mechanical properties at 0.1 wt% of multilayered graphene. Damping behavior of nanocomposites a epoxy/GP and b epoxy/m-GP [139]. Based on the earlier discussion, the best quality of graphene can be measured in terms of their aspect ratio (X and Y dimension) and proper thickness among the graphene layers. Surf Interfaces 10:100–109, Pour ZS, Ghaemy M (2016) Polymer grafted graphene oxide: for improved dispersion in epoxy resin and enhancement of mechanical properties of nanocomposite. 1. Appl Surf Sci 314:991–999, Potts JR, Lee SH, Alam TM, An J, Stoller MD, Piner RD et al (2011) Thermomechanical properties of chemically modified graphene/poly (methyl methacrylate) composites made by in situ polymerization. However, the addition of GNP/MWCNT (0.1:0.4) hybrid filler to the epoxy had significantly increased the tensile strength and modulus of nanocomposite by 21 and ~ 17%, respectively, as compared to the unfilled epoxy [191]. While preparing them, it is indeed desirable that a large fraction of the load applied to the composites has been efficiently transferred to graphene. However, mechanical properties of pure graphene scrolls (fibers) are less impressive (2.2 GPa strength and 0.3 TPa modulus) but offer a competitive edge in comparison with carbon fibers (CFs). Graphene, a single sheet of carbon atoms, has many extreme electrical and mechanical properties. A review of the mechanical and thermal properties of graphene and its hybrid polymer nanocomposites for structural applications, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2755-2, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.215502, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/8/085301, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.085408, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.176101, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.216802, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.01.050, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-03244-3. Google Patents, McWilliams A (2006) Nanocomposites, nanoparticles, nanoclays, and nanotubes. They also suggested that the increment in the thermal conductivity by approximately 60% in the case of transverse alignment of GNPs, as compared to unmodified epoxy polymers (Fig. Recently, a number of experiments have been performed to assess the increment of the interphase between fillers and the matrix. Nan Wang. It is a widely accepted notion that larger area of interfaces formed between matrix and nanofillers optimizes the overall tensile strength [34]. Prog Polym Sci 39(4):749–780, Punetha VD, Rana S, Yoo HJ, Chaurasia A, McLeskey JT Jr, Ramasamy MS et al (2017) Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials for advanced polymer nanocomposites: A comparison study between CNT and graphene. Compos Sci Technol 123:125–133, Li W, Shang T, Yang W, Yang H, Lin S, Jia X et al (2016) Effectively exerting the reinforcement of dopamine reduced graphene oxide on epoxy-based composites via strengthened interfacial bonding. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. Polym Test 54:186–195, Zeng X, Yang J, Yuan W (2012) Preparation of a poly (methyl methacrylate)-reduced graphene oxide composite with enhanced properties by a solution blending method. Macromolecules 42(14):5251–5255, Kim S, Do I, Drzal LT (2010) Thermal stability and dynamic mechanical behavior of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets-LLDPE nanocomposites. HBRC J 11(2):151–156, Galpaya D, Wang M, George G, Motta N, Waclawik E, Yan C (2014) Preparation of graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposites with significantly improved mechanical properties. Recently, an increasing number of researchers have devoted themselves to the study of graphene and its reinforced nanocomposite molecules. Mechanical properties of graphene 3 Fig. The mean strength of GO-N-GO and GO-O-GO papers improved by 36 and 10%, respectively, when compared to GO paper [57]. 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The researchers implemented the direct mixing method and found that 3DGS/epoxy composites have superior mechanical properties and thermal stability as compared to EG/epoxy composites (Fig. Int J Heat Mass Transf 92:15–22, Teng C-C, Ma C-CM, Lu C-H, Yang S-Y, Lee S-H, Hsiao M-C et al (2011) Thermal conductivity and structure of non-covalent functionalized graphene/epoxy composites.