The preadult duration of females Pl. The Mean numbers of live metaflumizone-, azadirachtin-, Bacillus thuringiensis-and B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin-treated larvae at the 7 DAA were recorded as 0.33, 1.17, 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. E. Asieduet al. Azadirachtin-treated larvae showed the success of adult emergence in the rate of 6.67%. in orchards biological control application used, followed by summer oil sprayed orchards as 4.25 individuals, of C. carnea and Scymnus spp., and spirotetramat sprayed orchards as 2.67 individuals per orchard, of C. carnea and Scymnus spp. Only two individuals become adult on Okitsu Wase mandarin variety and its developmental time was 22.7 days. Each of the applications was performed in six replications. All rights reserved. @iC�ɠ�d�� ��l�
For this reason, the population dynamic of P. citri and its predator, Sympherobius pygmaeus (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) in three different grapefruit orchards were studied. Percent infestation rate of mealybug was determined on random samples of 5 fruits per tree, examining presence or absence of mealybug, i.e. Some Biological Parameters of Planococcus citri on Differnt Citrus Species, Population Fluctations of Planococcus citri (Citrus Mealybug) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Akdeniz ve Ege Bölgesindeki turunçgil bahçelerinde tespit edilen faydalı türler. Generation time of Planococcus citri was continued as 28.6 days on Washington navel, 28.2 days on Interdonata and 29.2 days on Star Ruby, while no egg were obtained on Okitsu Wase. The mean number of offspring some biological parameters of the encyrtid wasp Anagyrus mirzai Agarwal & Alam, 1959, 0000003078 00000 n
Also, thermal constants of females and males were 666.67 and 500.00 degree-days. Because it is based on female age-specific life table and due to the problems of applying female life table to two-sex populations (Huang and Chi 2012), it is not justified to compare the results of, ... Other economic pests include citrus red mite, citrus rust mite, citrus bud mite, carob moth, honeydew moth, citrus leafminer, aphids, citrus whitefly, and cottony cushion scale. It was investigated at 23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011. Several overlapping generations occur in a year, but only one cycle (Spring–Summer) is of major concern to citrus growers in Florida, with peak infestations occurring in June or July. Besides its worldwide importance, chemical control is a significant, major method to suppress the population of P. citri in Turkey. Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the most significant pests for especially citrus, crop plants and ornamental plants. 167 0 obj
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� per female was 32 and 47 in 18 and 24 d.o. 0000001869 00000 n
The third nymph stage for P. citri females completed in 7.0 d at 25°C, and the pupal stage for P. citri males lasted 7.8 d at 25°C. population of Pl. : Braconidae) is determined as the most common parasitoid species in the survey conducted to detect parasitoid species found in citrus trees and herbaceous species in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this study, it was aimed to determine some biological properties of B. angelicae on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem. The effect of the cultivars on the preference by the pest was evaluated according to number of laid-egg and larvae with weekly counting intervals from flowering to harvest. 0000001199 00000 n
mealybugs. Because of possibility of phytoxicity effect of summer oil in hot weather condition; spirotetramat has a chance in IPM application for managing citrus mealybug. (1) The temperature requirements of some aphids differ from place to place for the same species and from species to species. Inhibition Studies of Cellulolytic Activities Isolated from Planococcus Citri Similar dates were determined with the previous year but the population was lower than the first year. The shortest egg stage development for females and males were determined as 2.7 and 2.7 d with alternating temperatures of 25/30°C (12:12 h), respectively. Since Oriental fruit flies are important quarantine insects for international trade, it is thus very important to eradicate this particular insect for export purposes. Second year‟s population was similar to the first year but it was lower than the first year. 168 1. The lower developmental threshold temperatures (To) and thermal constants (K) in the entire nymphal stage were 11.7°C and 338 degree-days (DD) for P. citriculus, 7.7°C and 401 DD for P. citri, and 8.0°C and 519 DD for P. kraunhiae. 0000005422 00000 n
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Development time of female individual from egg to adult took 34.7, 12.8 and 6.0 days at 17, 22 and 27°C, respectively. totally 150 fruits per orchard. 0000005898 00000 n
It belongs to the Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera, Family Pseudococcidae, Genus Planococcus and Species citri [2].The citrus mealybug (a short-tailed mealybug) is a soft-bodied pseudococcid. capitata) at four constant and two alternating temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 25/30 and 30/ 35 °C). Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is one of the major pest of citrus and many other orchards crops, and ornamental plants in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. The most and the least cultivars preferred by the pest were Yalova İncisi (6.4 eggs, 3.7 larvae) and Flame Seedless (2.0 eggs, 1.1 larvae), re-spectively. The mealybug density differences among the applied methods were analyzed to compare the average mealybug infestation rate in insecticide and biological control applied orchards, and it was different insignificantly. The influence of temperature on P. citri development and fecundity has a critical role in integrated pest management strategies to reduce the population to below the economic threshold by biological or chemical control methods. 0000002028 00000 n
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Among these species, 17 pests, 8 diseases, 1 nematode and 10 weeds are economically important and control measures should be taken. Mealybugs have not been determined through 2 years in Yüreğir. The alternating temperature of 30/35 °C was lethal to immature stages of B. brassicae. In the citrus groves in Turkey, 89 pests, 34 diseases, 16 nematodes and 155 weed species have been determined until 2007. 0000004400 00000 n
As a result, it is demonstrated that the predator S. pygmaeus can be used as a biological agent against P. citri in integrated pest management programs as an environmentally friendly method. No useful species have been found in the gardens surveyed in Seyhan and Yüreğir districts of Adana. Daily mean average temperature and relative humidity were recorded as 28.5 and 67.9% R.H. by data logger. population of 10 eggs. = 0.037 aphids/aphid per day). 1:1.11 in 18 d.o. The obtained adults were prepared in accordance with their methods and sent to subject experts and diagnosed. Mealybug population reached to peak point on May 30 with 5.9 adults per tree, second peak point on July 10 with 7.3 adults per tree, third peak point on August 7 with 19 adult per tree, and last peak point on September 18 with 13 adults per tree in Erdemli in 2013. 0000424443 00000 n
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The larval and parasitoid mummies seen in the visual control method were brought to the laboratory and cultured to obtain the adults.. For Four grapefruit orchards from Erdemli (Mersin), Sarıçam, Kozan and Yüreğir (Adana) were used for this study.