Article 5 states that the arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the JCT 2016 edition of the Construction Industry Model Arbitration Rules (CIMAR). Therefore, it is usually preferable for the same person not to be named as adjudicator in the main contract and subcontract. NEC4 ECS: no liquidated damages provision by default (although Option X7, which is a liquidated damages clause, can be used by agreement). The choice of jurisdiction clause will depend on the circumstances. Are mediation and/or a dispute resolution board (DRB) relevant to subcontracting? The speed, cost and quality of the courts is important, and some systems are generally recognised as being preferable to others. The main contractor and subcontractor will need to discuss when the foreign exchange is made, and what will happen if the subcontract is not entered into. JCT DBSub 2016 contains an arbitration agreement, but the agreement does not apply automatically. easier collaboration by the project team to collate the information required for the ITT, time and cost savings, mainly due to a reduction in the time spent by procurement and commercial staff in administering the tender process, environmental benefits: as the ITT is issued electronically, the tenderer can choose which documents to print, better communication, which can reduce the duration of the tender process, improved control over the ITT, including amendments and management of tender queries, improved audit trail of all communications. The employer may want to ensure the contractual matrix provides the opportunity to use the main contractor's subcontractors to progress the main contract works if the main contractor becomes insolvent. In drafting the term, a so-called 'longstop date' or 'longstop period' would need to be agreed and stated, and the main contractor gains the right to terminate under the clause if the subcontractor fails to complete the subcontract works by this longstop date/period. The types of damages that the main contractor may suffer if the subcontractor fails to complete the subcontract works on time may include: Where the subcontract states that general damages apply, the subcontractor will usually be liable for these types of loss, subject to the normal rules that apply to the assessment of damages. the extent of the subcontractor's liabilities after termination. E-tendering, RICS guidance note, contains very helpful information regarding the e-tendering process. The enforceability of decisions made by the courts. The absence of such clauses can lead to disputes over which substantive law applies to determine the rights and obligations under the subcontract, and which tribunal should determine a dispute. Neither JCT DB Sub 2016 nor NEC4 ECS include provisions that deal with novating the subcontract. A non-exclusive jurisdiction clause will state that disputes will be heard in a particular jurisdiction, but the main contractor or subcontractor (or both) may refer a dispute to a court of another jurisdiction if it is appropriate to do so. In those circumstances, the employer should ensure that it has the right to novate the order to others (e.g. Appendices feature useful checklists and also information regarding office administrative procedures. maintenance and risk of damage) and after beneficial use ends (e.g. RICS guidance note (GN) Document that provides users with recommendations or approach for accepted good practice as followed by competent and conscientious practitioners. This would be best achieved through an express term included in the subcontract. preliminaries), loss and/or expense claims from other subcontractors who are affected by the delay, additional time-related costs of retention being withheld under the main contract, time-related loss of contribution to overheads and profit. This additional or reduced cost can be added to or deducted from the tender sum, giving a revised tender sum. temporary external hoists (if they are also used) can be removed sooner, and cladding can be installed sooner. However, the situation in the supply chain could be more complex. If the subcontractor does become insolvent, the issues to consider and the actions to take will depend on the circumstances. notarisation or registration of the subcontract). A liquidated damages clause can have real benefits for the main contractor, as it will not be obliged to prove the loss it suffered as a result of the subcontractor's failure to complete on time. This is clear from two straightforward examples: Example 1: if the subcontractor's failure to complete on time is extensive (e.g. For example, if the employer knows that a particular type of barge will be required and is in short supply, it could place an advance order with the barge supplier and reserve the barge for future use. Disputes concerning the enforcement of an adjudicator's decision. by the signature of a person who, in accordance with the laws of the territory in which the overseas company is incorporated, is acting under the authority (express or implied) of the company, but in that case the subcontract must also be expressed (in whatever form of words) to be executed by the company. In most cases, the collateral warranty or direct agreement states that the employer's right to step into the subcontract is activated when the main contractor's employment under the main contract is terminated (which would generally be the case if the main contractor had become insolvent, although this termination is not necessarily automatic). 0 The commercial consequences of doing so should also be addressed in the subcontract. In the first of a series of articles providing guidance to APC candidates, Tim Jones looks at the Contract Practice competency. This section explores examples of these rights, but they should not be exercised without sufficient grounds. The process gives confidence to the sector, the public, clients and employers that they have reached an acceptable level of experience … This section only addresses specific questions concerning drafting the subcontract. The parties must agree to refer a dispute to arbitration for resolution instead of through legal proceedings.